The percentage proportion of minerals based in the values resulted from the application of mass absorption coefficient is in very good agreement with the weighted proportions. It was found that between the two methods there is a very good identification and their divergence concerning the weighed percentages varied between ☓ wt. The area of the broad background peak of the amorphous material determined using the analogical technique and its percentage was calculated by comparing the measured area to the area of the 100:0 standard mixture, while with the second technique was appreciated the crystallinity of each standard mixture and from this resulted the percentage of amorphous material. The pure amorphous and crystalline standard mixtures constituted the mixtures of report.

From their XRD patterns and using two different techniques of analysis the percentage of amorphous material was calculated. Standard mixtures of amorphous material (volcanic glass) and crystalline phase (equally participated montmorillonite, muscovite, heulandite, quartz, and calcite) were prepared at the following weight proportions after weighting: 100-0, 75-25, 50-50, 25-75 and 0-100, respectively. It is anticipated that the detailed overview presented herein will guide potential researchers in defining their future paths in the study area. This review also showed that there has been remarkably little effort made towards theoretical property correlation modeling for predicting concrete performance. A lack of research on geopolymer concrete’s reinforcement with either natural or synthetic fibers, or a combination of the two, was also discovered. However, since most studies have focused on its integration as a partial cement substitute or a replacement for fine aggregate, further research on diatomaceous earth-based clinker-free concrete is required. The literature review showed that using diatomaceous earth is one of the effective ways to create sustainable, insulating, lightweight building materials while minimizing the harmful economic and environmental effects of industrial solid wastes. Several studies have been examined to develop a greater understanding of its characterization, inclusion status, and impacts on the performance aspects of concrete. Diatomaceous earth, commonly used as an admixture or partial replacement of cement owing to its most effective pozzolanic properties, has been investigated as a precursor in geopolymer concrete development. The development of geopolymer building composites at a lower cost with a smaller carbon footprint may lessen the growing concerns about global warming brought on by emissions of a critical greenhouse gas (CO2) paired with the high production costs in the cement sector. This suggests the presence of a prolific diatomaceous source rock in Western Crete demonstrating a high significance for the offshore hydrocarbon exploration in the Eastern Mediterranean that could potentially be related to the offshore Western and Southern Crete E&P-awarded blocks. The kerogen type is proved to be type III with poor to almost good quality. Overall, Rock-Eval pyrolysis shows that organic matter from the studied cross sections is immature with the hydrocarbon generation potential ranging from poor to excellent. Total organic carbon (TOC, %wt.) values are found to reach 3.4% in the diatomites, while siltstone/mudstone interlayers encounter lower TOC (%wt.), yet with exceptions reaching TOC levels as high as the diatomaceous facies. At the top, a final coarsening-upwards sequence suggests a regressive sequence (RST) most probably related to the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) event. Stratigraphic analysis supports the establishment of system tracts (ST), with transgressive ones (TST) illustrated by fining-upward sequences including highstands (HST). A SEM study and bulk sampling of 28 samples has been carried out on this outcrop and geochemical analysis has been conducted by means of a Rock-Eval 6 pyrolysis to facilitate the understanding of hydrocarbon potential.

It has a total documented, visible extend of 90-100 m and presents adequate thickness in relation to other reported diatomitic occurrences in Crete. It is subdivided into four subsections reaching heights of 13 m. The studied synthetic outcrop is of the Miocene age and is located in the Apokoronas sedimentary basin, in the Chania province. This study assesses for the first time the Neogene diatomites in Western Crete and focuses on their source rock quality and hydrocarbon generation potential on top of their stratigraphic characteristics. Despite their significance and worldwide potential as source rocks for hydrocarbons, little is known about them in the wider area of Greece, limited in their biostratigraphic characteristics and industrial use.

Diatomites are sedimentary rocks rich in siliceous algae, mainly diatoms, and are evident in Greece mainly in Neogene successions.

Charmas greek general